网易教育讯 最新13年版GMAT官方指南首发,新东方GMAT团队老师第一时间开展针对新OG(官方指南)的教研,为广大考生送上GMAT考试的最新趋势和动态。
解析逻辑部分
13th官方指南上的Critical Reasoning部分和12th官方指南对应部分相比较而言,总体难度保持一致,但是文章给出的信息有变多、变复杂的趋势,文章的主要结论获取难度也有所增加。但没有新题型出现。其中13th中替换了原来的25道旧题,新题号分别是:1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 17, 19, 22, 29, 33, 39, 49, 59, 65, 69, 74, 81, 86, 94, 100, 106, 114, 124
其中
削弱题: 8, 100
假设题: 106
评价题: 114, 124
加强题: 1, 11, 19, 29
解释题: 3, 6, 9, 17, 22, 49, 86, 94
填空题: 12, 33, 39, 59, 65, 69, 74, 81
结合近期几次考试的经验,我们发现:
1,削弱题部分增加了Flaw题的考查,需要我们对文章的论证过程理解更加深刻,提炼更加精确,某种程度上增加了一定的难度。
2,假设题部分做题思路并没有改变,依然采用寻找否定句的方式进行。
3,评价题和加强题部分变化也不明显,需要认真考查文章的架构和选项的作用。
4,考试中遇到更多解释题和填空题的可能性在变大,但填空题的文章结构变化不大,Argument和Fact set这两种文章结构各占一半左右,对于Argument文章来说填空题一般都是寻找加强项或者假设项,而Fact set文章一般都是寻找解释项,当成解释题来做。这两种题都属于CR中相对较容易的题。
下面给大家简要介绍两个新题:
Snowmaking machines work by spraying a mist that freezes immediately on contact with cold air. Because the sudden freezing kills bacteria, QuickFreeze is planning to market a wastewater purification system that works on the same principle. The process works only when temperature are cold, however, so municipalities using it will need to maintain a conventional system.
造雪机通过喷撒一层接触到冷空气后立即凝固的薄雾来运作,这种突然的水汽凝固可以杀灭细菌。QF公司计划销售一种基于这种原理的废水净化系统 。但是由于这种灭菌过程只能在低温下运作,所以运用这种系统的市政机关还是需要维持传统的净化系统。
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for a prediction that municipalities will buy QuickFreeze’s purification system despite the need to maintain a conventional purification syste
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13版GMAT官方指南首发 专家第一时间解析
2 回复:13版GMAT官方指南首发 专家第一时间解析
babywode2012-04-19 23:55:24 发表
m as well?
下列哪一项为真时能为这一预计提供最强的支持:尽管市政机关也需要维持传统的净化系统,但它们还是会购买QF公司生产的净化系统?
A.Bacteria are not the only impurities that must be removed from wastewater.
细菌不是唯一需要从废水中去除的污物。
B.Many municipalities have old wastewater purification systems that need to be replaced
很多市政原有的旧废水净化系统需要更新。
C.Conventional wastewater purification systems have not been fully successful in killing bacteria at cold temperatures.
传统的废水净化系统在低温下并不能完全成功地杀灭细菌。
D.During times of warm weather, when it is not in use, QuickFreeze’s purification system requires relatively little maintenance.
天气暖和,QF废水净化系统不使用的时候几乎不需要保养维护。
E.Places where the winters are cold rarely have a problem of water shortage.
有寒冬的地方几乎没有水源稀缺问题。
解析:
A.选项的内容在原文中没有提到,没有说明QF公司的废水净化系统除了杀灭细菌之外的作用。同时可能暗示,如果不能去除其他污物,净化效果可能欠佳,影响购买需求。反而起到削弱的效果,降低市政机关购买此净化系统的可能性。
B.选项没有直接说明购买QF公司的废水净化系统原因,市政机关也可以买其他的系统来替代。
C.选项特别说明了购买QF公司的废水净化系统的原因,因为它在低温下也能有效运作,提高了市政机关购买这一系统的可能性。
D.选项中内容降低了维护成本,使市政更有可能购买这一系统。但是没有说明在低温下工作时的维护成本。
E.选项的内容跟文章讨论的问题无关。
Exposure to certain chemicals commonly used in elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions in some children. Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years. Therefore, either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago.
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下列哪一项为真时能为这一预计提供最强的支持:尽管市政机关也需要维持传统的净化系统,但它们还是会购买QF公司生产的净化系统?
A.Bacteria are not the only impurities that must be removed from wastewater.
细菌不是唯一需要从废水中去除的污物。
B.Many municipalities have old wastewater purification systems that need to be replaced
很多市政原有的旧废水净化系统需要更新。
C.Conventional wastewater purification systems have not been fully successful in killing bacteria at cold temperatures.
传统的废水净化系统在低温下并不能完全成功地杀灭细菌。
D.During times of warm weather, when it is not in use, QuickFreeze’s purification system requires relatively little maintenance.
天气暖和,QF废水净化系统不使用的时候几乎不需要保养维护。
E.Places where the winters are cold rarely have a problem of water shortage.
有寒冬的地方几乎没有水源稀缺问题。
解析:
A.选项的内容在原文中没有提到,没有说明QF公司的废水净化系统除了杀灭细菌之外的作用。同时可能暗示,如果不能去除其他污物,净化效果可能欠佳,影响购买需求。反而起到削弱的效果,降低市政机关购买此净化系统的可能性。
B.选项没有直接说明购买QF公司的废水净化系统原因,市政机关也可以买其他的系统来替代。
C.选项特别说明了购买QF公司的废水净化系统的原因,因为它在低温下也能有效运作,提高了市政机关购买这一系统的可能性。
D.选项中内容降低了维护成本,使市政更有可能购买这一系统。但是没有说明在低温下工作时的维护成本。
E.选项的内容跟文章讨论的问题无关。
Exposure to certain chemicals commonly used in elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions in some children. Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years. Therefore, either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago.
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3 回复:13版GMAT官方指南首发 专家第一时间解析
babywode2012-04-19 23:55:24 发表
暴露在某种化学物质,这种化学物质是通常被小学使用作为清洁剂或杀虫剂的,暴露在这种化学物质中会导致过敏反应在一些小孩子身上。Renston的小学护理员报道说:送到他们那里治疗这种化学物质过敏反应的学校孩子的比例已经增长得非常明显在过去的十年当中。因此,要么就是Renston的学校孩子已经比起十年前的学校孩子被暴露在了更大量的化学物质之中,要么就是他们这些孩子比起十年前的孩子更加对这种化学物质敏感。
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
下列哪一个选项是文章论证所依赖的假设?
(A)The number of school nurses employed by Renston’s elementary schools has not decreased over the past ten years.
被Renston小学所雇佣的学校护理员的数量没有下降在过去的十年当中。
(B)Children who are allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to have allergies to other substances.
对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能,比起其他的孩子,没有更加可能对其他的物质过敏。
(C)Children who have allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent to a school nurse now than they were ten years ago.
对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能被送到学校护理员那里在现在比起十年以前。
(D)The chemicals are not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses and apartment buildings in Renston.
这种化学物质没有更加普遍地作为清洁剂或杀虫剂所使用在房子和公寓建筑当中在Renston地区。
(E)Children attending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Renston’s population now than they did ten years ago.
上小学的孩子们没有构成一个更大的比例在Renston人口当中,现在比起十年前。
解析:
文章中Therefore之前为文章的premise,Therefore之后为文章的main conclusion。从问题中得知本题为假设题目,而假设题目的解题方法为取非削弱。下面进行每一个选项的分析。
将A选项取非后为“Renston小学中护理员的数量在过去十年当中下降了”,这与文章的main conclusion之间没有直接的因果作用,可以作为无关项予以排除。因此排除。
将B选项取非后为“对这种化学物质过敏的孩子更可能比别的孩子对于其他物质过敏”,首先,此选项中的比较对象与文章中发生变化;其次,文章中只讨论对于“这种化学物质”的过敏,而不讨论对于“其他物质”的过敏。因此排除。
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Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
下列哪一个选项是文章论证所依赖的假设?
(A)The number of school nurses employed by Renston’s elementary schools has not decreased over the past ten years.
被Renston小学所雇佣的学校护理员的数量没有下降在过去的十年当中。
(B)Children who are allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to have allergies to other substances.
对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能,比起其他的孩子,没有更加可能对其他的物质过敏。
(C)Children who have allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent to a school nurse now than they were ten years ago.
对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能被送到学校护理员那里在现在比起十年以前。
(D)The chemicals are not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses and apartment buildings in Renston.
这种化学物质没有更加普遍地作为清洁剂或杀虫剂所使用在房子和公寓建筑当中在Renston地区。
(E)Children attending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Renston’s population now than they did ten years ago.
上小学的孩子们没有构成一个更大的比例在Renston人口当中,现在比起十年前。
解析:
文章中Therefore之前为文章的premise,Therefore之后为文章的main conclusion。从问题中得知本题为假设题目,而假设题目的解题方法为取非削弱。下面进行每一个选项的分析。
将A选项取非后为“Renston小学中护理员的数量在过去十年当中下降了”,这与文章的main conclusion之间没有直接的因果作用,可以作为无关项予以排除。因此排除。
将B选项取非后为“对这种化学物质过敏的孩子更可能比别的孩子对于其他物质过敏”,首先,此选项中的比较对象与文章中发生变化;其次,文章中只讨论对于“这种化学物质”的过敏,而不讨论对于“其他物质”的过敏。因此排除。
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4 回复:13版GMAT官方指南首发 专家第一时间解析
babywode2012-04-19 23:55:24 发表
将C选项取非后为“对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子比起十年前更加有可能被送到学校护理员那里”,这样一来,也就不能说明学校孩子被暴露在更大量的化学物质当中,也不可能说明孩子们比起十年前更加对这种化学物质过敏。削弱文章的论证过程以及文章的main conclusion,因此为正确答案。
将D选项取非后为“这种化学物质更加普遍地作为清洁剂或杀虫剂所使用在Renston的房子和公寓建筑当中”,文章中讨论的地点范围是“小学”,而非“房子和公寓建筑”;其次,取非后对文章的main conclusion反而有支持的作用。因此排除。
将E选项取非后为“现在上小学的孩子比起十年前在Renston人口占了更大的比例”,对于文章而言属于无关选项。
第二页:解析语法部分
第三页:解析阅读部分
第四页:综合推理样题说明
解析语法部分
总体上说,13版OG并没有太大的变化。
l Sample Question部分仍旧为140道题目,其中25道题是新增添的,剩下部分都与12版OG一样。
新题题号:1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 26, 35, 38, 40, 48, 56, 65, 68, 71, 74, 79, 87, 97, 107, 111, 114, 132, 138。
l 就考察知识点而言,也并没有明显难度变化。平行、代词、修饰语、动词、比较仍旧是较为重要的考点。
主谓一致:7
= 考点清晰,结合其它知识点。
平行结构:4, 15, 38, 56, 74, 79, 87, 138
= 考点清晰,有部分题目结合了2个或以上知识点。句子长度难度整体没有变化。
代词:111, 114
= 主要考察指代不清、单复数的问题。句子长度、结构都略为变长。
修饰语:1, 19, 35, 48, 65, 68, 132
= 完整性、同位语、句式结构、分词作状语等都作为主要考察修饰语的问题。句子长度略为有所增长。
动词:40, 71
= 虚拟语气、时态的比较。
比较:9, 107
= 比较的用词区别;句子长度变长。
标点:2, 26, 97
= 主要考察分号在标准书面英语的用法。
l 与12版OG相比,难度上并没有明显变化。删除了12版OG里几道题干简单、考点很难的题目,增添的题目主要表现为句子变长、句式复杂、划线部分略长的特点。考点相对于12版持平,考点清晰,呈现出一个题结合多个知识点的特点。所以对于考生而言,牢牢掌握基本知识点成为复习的关键。
考生们可以按照原有的复习计划进行复习。
[样题分析]
1. In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.
(A) psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,
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将D选项取非后为“这种化学物质更加普遍地作为清洁剂或杀虫剂所使用在Renston的房子和公寓建筑当中”,文章中讨论的地点范围是“小学”,而非“房子和公寓建筑”;其次,取非后对文章的main conclusion反而有支持的作用。因此排除。
将E选项取非后为“现在上小学的孩子比起十年前在Renston人口占了更大的比例”,对于文章而言属于无关选项。
第二页:解析语法部分
第三页:解析阅读部分
第四页:综合推理样题说明
解析语法部分
总体上说,13版OG并没有太大的变化。
l Sample Question部分仍旧为140道题目,其中25道题是新增添的,剩下部分都与12版OG一样。
新题题号:1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 26, 35, 38, 40, 48, 56, 65, 68, 71, 74, 79, 87, 97, 107, 111, 114, 132, 138。
l 就考察知识点而言,也并没有明显难度变化。平行、代词、修饰语、动词、比较仍旧是较为重要的考点。
主谓一致:7
= 考点清晰,结合其它知识点。
平行结构:4, 15, 38, 56, 74, 79, 87, 138
= 考点清晰,有部分题目结合了2个或以上知识点。句子长度难度整体没有变化。
代词:111, 114
= 主要考察指代不清、单复数的问题。句子长度、结构都略为变长。
修饰语:1, 19, 35, 48, 65, 68, 132
= 完整性、同位语、句式结构、分词作状语等都作为主要考察修饰语的问题。句子长度略为有所增长。
动词:40, 71
= 虚拟语气、时态的比较。
比较:9, 107
= 比较的用词区别;句子长度变长。
标点:2, 26, 97
= 主要考察分号在标准书面英语的用法。
l 与12版OG相比,难度上并没有明显变化。删除了12版OG里几道题干简单、考点很难的题目,增添的题目主要表现为句子变长、句式复杂、划线部分略长的特点。考点相对于12版持平,考点清晰,呈现出一个题结合多个知识点的特点。所以对于考生而言,牢牢掌握基本知识点成为复习的关键。
考生们可以按照原有的复习计划进行复习。
[样题分析]
1. In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.
(A) psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,
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5 回复:13版GMAT官方指南首发 专家第一时间解析
babywode2012-04-19 23:55:24 发表
(B) psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and
(C) psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,
(D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family size,
(E) psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,
= 解析:
考点:句子结构的完整性(sentence construction);时态(tense);用词(wording)
首先, 原句主语为two Swiss psychologists,以此判断谓语动词一定出现在划线部分。declaring是非谓语结构,故不能作谓语动词。纵向比较选项,相同的错误也出现在B选项中。而CDE选项的declared可以作主句谓语动词。
其次,declared that 后面的宾语从句也需要主谓结构完整。C选项having failed为非谓语结构,故不能作其谓语动词;D选项的fail、E选项had failed都能作谓语动词。
再次,区别时态。fail是一般现在时,had failed是过去完成时。而主句动词declared表示过去的事情,故从句里是在此之前发生的动作,选had failed正确。
(A) declaring不能作主句主语two Swiss psychologists的谓语动词,主句缺少谓语动词。
(B) declaring不能作主句主语two Swiss psychologists的谓语动词,主句缺少谓语动词。such like不符合书面英语表达习惯。
(C) 从句having failed不能作从句主语most of the studies的谓语动词,从句缺少谓语动词。
(D) 从句谓语动词fail表示一般现在时,而主句动词declared表示事件发生在过去,故应选择过去的时态。such like不符合书面英语表达习惯。
(E)从句谓语动词had failed准确表示出动作发生在过去,并先与declared的动作,故符合逻辑含义。举例使用such as符合书面英语表达习惯。
4. At the end of the 1930s, Duke Ellington was looking for a composer to assist him – someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style as well in order to fini
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(C) psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,
(D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family size,
(E) psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,
= 解析:
考点:句子结构的完整性(sentence construction);时态(tense);用词(wording)
首先, 原句主语为two Swiss psychologists,以此判断谓语动词一定出现在划线部分。declaring是非谓语结构,故不能作谓语动词。纵向比较选项,相同的错误也出现在B选项中。而CDE选项的declared可以作主句谓语动词。
其次,declared that 后面的宾语从句也需要主谓结构完整。C选项having failed为非谓语结构,故不能作其谓语动词;D选项的fail、E选项had failed都能作谓语动词。
再次,区别时态。fail是一般现在时,had failed是过去完成时。而主句动词declared表示过去的事情,故从句里是在此之前发生的动作,选had failed正确。
(A) declaring不能作主句主语two Swiss psychologists的谓语动词,主句缺少谓语动词。
(B) declaring不能作主句主语two Swiss psychologists的谓语动词,主句缺少谓语动词。such like不符合书面英语表达习惯。
(C) 从句having failed不能作从句主语most of the studies的谓语动词,从句缺少谓语动词。
(D) 从句谓语动词fail表示一般现在时,而主句动词declared表示事件发生在过去,故应选择过去的时态。such like不符合书面英语表达习惯。
(E)从句谓语动词had failed准确表示出动作发生在过去,并先与declared的动作,故符合逻辑含义。举例使用such as符合书面英语表达习惯。
4. At the end of the 1930s, Duke Ellington was looking for a composer to assist him – someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style as well in order to fini
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6 回复:13版GMAT官方指南首发 专家第一时间解析
babywode2012-04-19 23:55:24 发表
sh the many pieces he had started but never completed.
(A) someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style as well in order to finish
(B) someone who could not only arrange music for his successful big band, but also mirror his eccentric writing style in order to finish
(C) someone who not only could arrange music for his successful big band, but also to mirror his eccentric writing style in finishing
(D) that being someone who could not only arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style for finishing
(E) being someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style as well, finishing
=解析:
考点:平行结构(Parallelism)、修饰结构(Rhetorical Construction)
句中破折号前面是完整的主谓结构,即句子的主干;破折号起解释说明的作用,后面可以是名词或者句子。划线部分在破折号之后,并且出现了平行结构标志词not only … but also …,于是考虑由平行结构着手做题。
(A) 平行结构不正确,not only 后面的who … 和but后面的mirroring形式不对等;not only … but … as well 不符合正式书面英语表达习惯,应为not only … but also …。
(B) 正确。not only … but also 后面接了对等的形式 arrange 和mirror。平行结构正确,someone在破折号后面作a composer的同位语,结构正确,in order to 表达了目的,正确
(C) 平行结构不正确,not only 后面的could arrange 和but后面的to mirror形式不对等;in finishing 表示在某一方面,在此句中没有表达出目的的含义,因此错。
(D) that being someone who … 表达啰嗦,不够简洁。直接用someone who … 作同位语即可;平行结构不正确,not only 后面的arrange 和but后面的mirroring形式不对等; for finishing表示原因,在此句中没有表达出目的的含义,因此错。
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(A) someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style as well in order to finish
(B) someone who could not only arrange music for his successful big band, but also mirror his eccentric writing style in order to finish
(C) someone who not only could arrange music for his successful big band, but also to mirror his eccentric writing style in finishing
(D) that being someone who could not only arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style for finishing
(E) being someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style as well, finishing
=解析:
考点:平行结构(Parallelism)、修饰结构(Rhetorical Construction)
句中破折号前面是完整的主谓结构,即句子的主干;破折号起解释说明的作用,后面可以是名词或者句子。划线部分在破折号之后,并且出现了平行结构标志词not only … but also …,于是考虑由平行结构着手做题。
(A) 平行结构不正确,not only 后面的who … 和but后面的mirroring形式不对等;not only … but … as well 不符合正式书面英语表达习惯,应为not only … but also …。
(B) 正确。not only … but also 后面接了对等的形式 arrange 和mirror。平行结构正确,someone在破折号后面作a composer的同位语,结构正确,in order to 表达了目的,正确
(C) 平行结构不正确,not only 后面的could arrange 和but后面的to mirror形式不对等;in finishing 表示在某一方面,在此句中没有表达出目的的含义,因此错。
(D) that being someone who … 表达啰嗦,不够简洁。直接用someone who … 作同位语即可;平行结构不正确,not only 后面的arrange 和but后面的mirroring形式不对等; for finishing表示原因,在此句中没有表达出目的的含义,因此错。
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7 回复:13版GMAT官方指南首发 专家第一时间解析
babywode2012-04-19 23:55:24 发表
(E) being someone表达啰嗦,不够简洁。直接用someone who … 作同位语即可;平行结构不正确,not only 后面的who … 和but后面的mirroring形式不对等; not only … but … as well 不符合正式书面英语表达习惯,应为not only … but also …
第三页:解析阅读部分
第四页:综合推理样题说明
解析阅读部分
l 13版OG的阅读的总体难度变化不大,但是文章中观点的论证更加充分,观点与论证的结合更加紧密,文章整体在逻辑严密性上和完整性上有所提高。文章和题目的长度也基本与12th官方指南持平。题目没有新题型出现。
l 12th 官方指南的文章数目为24篇,而13th 官方指南的文章数目为26篇,但题目数量仍然是139道。13th 官方指南中主旨题的比例由原来的15.1%变为现在的15.8%,而逻辑题的比例保持3%不变。
l 新文章共7篇,其中2长5短,2篇商科类文章,2篇社会科学类文章,2篇生物学文章,1篇天体物理学文章
新题共27道,题号是:1-4,11-17,37-41,52-55,84-86,111-114
其中主旨结构题7道,细节题20道
[样题分析]
Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species. Because schooling is particularly wide spread among species of small fish, both theories assume that schooling offers the advantage of some protection from predators.
Proponents of theory A dispute the assumption that a school of thousands of fish is highly visible. Experiments have shown that any fish can be seen, even in very clear water, only within a sphere of 200 meters in diameter. When fish are in a compact group, the sphere of visibility overlap. Thus, the chance of a predator finding the school is only slightly greater than the chance of the predator finding a single fish swimming alone. Schooling is advantageous to the individual fish because a predator’s chance of finding any particular fish swimming in the school is much smaller than its chance of finding at least one of the same group of fish if the fish were dispersed throughout an a
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第三页:解析阅读部分
第四页:综合推理样题说明
解析阅读部分
l 13版OG的阅读的总体难度变化不大,但是文章中观点的论证更加充分,观点与论证的结合更加紧密,文章整体在逻辑严密性上和完整性上有所提高。文章和题目的长度也基本与12th官方指南持平。题目没有新题型出现。
l 12th 官方指南的文章数目为24篇,而13th 官方指南的文章数目为26篇,但题目数量仍然是139道。13th 官方指南中主旨题的比例由原来的15.1%变为现在的15.8%,而逻辑题的比例保持3%不变。
l 新文章共7篇,其中2长5短,2篇商科类文章,2篇社会科学类文章,2篇生物学文章,1篇天体物理学文章
新题共27道,题号是:1-4,11-17,37-41,52-55,84-86,111-114
其中主旨结构题7道,细节题20道
[样题分析]
Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species. Because schooling is particularly wide spread among species of small fish, both theories assume that schooling offers the advantage of some protection from predators.
Proponents of theory A dispute the assumption that a school of thousands of fish is highly visible. Experiments have shown that any fish can be seen, even in very clear water, only within a sphere of 200 meters in diameter. When fish are in a compact group, the sphere of visibility overlap. Thus, the chance of a predator finding the school is only slightly greater than the chance of the predator finding a single fish swimming alone. Schooling is advantageous to the individual fish because a predator’s chance of finding any particular fish swimming in the school is much smaller than its chance of finding at least one of the same group of fish if the fish were dispersed throughout an a
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8 回复:13版GMAT官方指南首发 专家第一时间解析
babywode2012-04-19 23:55:24 发表
rea.
However, critics of theory A point out that some fish form schools even in areas where predators are abundant and thus little possibility fo excaping detection exists. They argue that the school continues to be of value to its members even after detection. They advocate theory B, the “confusion effect,” which can be explained in two different ways.
Sometimes, proponents argue, predators simply cannot decide which fish to attack. This indecision supposedly results from a predator’s preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance. In many schools the fish are almost indentical in appearance, making it difficult for a predator to select one. The second explanation for the “confusion effect” has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator. Even if the predator makes the decision to attack a particular fish, the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting. The predator’s difficulty can be compared to that of a tennis player trying to hit a tennis ball when two are approaching simultaneously.
这是一篇典型的GMAT阅读多重解释型的文章。
第一段清楚地告诉读者文章接下来会对一些鱼群居地现象给出两种解释。
第二段中,解释A的支持者表达了他们的观点,提出鱼群居是为了减少个体被捕食者发现的机会。
第三段开头转折(However)之后,解释A被反驳,进而提出解释B,说群居的鱼被捕食者发现之后依然能提高他们的存活率。
最后一段具体说了对解释B的两方面的具体解读。
从整体框架上看,新文章和之前的解释型文章相比变化不大,而在具体内容上观点与论证之间的结合更加紧密,文章的血肉更加充实,细节的出题点更多。
本文延续GMAT阅读文章的一贯特点,在逻辑严密性上也有所提高。
本文后面一共跟4道题,前3道均为直接细节题,最后1道为主旨题。
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However, critics of theory A point out that some fish form schools even in areas where predators are abundant and thus little possibility fo excaping detection exists. They argue that the school continues to be of value to its members even after detection. They advocate theory B, the “confusion effect,” which can be explained in two different ways.
Sometimes, proponents argue, predators simply cannot decide which fish to attack. This indecision supposedly results from a predator’s preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance. In many schools the fish are almost indentical in appearance, making it difficult for a predator to select one. The second explanation for the “confusion effect” has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator. Even if the predator makes the decision to attack a particular fish, the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting. The predator’s difficulty can be compared to that of a tennis player trying to hit a tennis ball when two are approaching simultaneously.
这是一篇典型的GMAT阅读多重解释型的文章。
第一段清楚地告诉读者文章接下来会对一些鱼群居地现象给出两种解释。
第二段中,解释A的支持者表达了他们的观点,提出鱼群居是为了减少个体被捕食者发现的机会。
第三段开头转折(However)之后,解释A被反驳,进而提出解释B,说群居的鱼被捕食者发现之后依然能提高他们的存活率。
最后一段具体说了对解释B的两方面的具体解读。
从整体框架上看,新文章和之前的解释型文章相比变化不大,而在具体内容上观点与论证之间的结合更加紧密,文章的血肉更加充实,细节的出题点更多。
本文延续GMAT阅读文章的一贯特点,在逻辑严密性上也有所提高。
本文后面一共跟4道题,前3道均为直接细节题,最后1道为主旨题。
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9 回复:13版GMAT官方指南首发 专家第一时间解析
babywode2012-04-19 23:55:24 发表
1. According to the passage, theory B states that which of the following is a factor that enables a schooling fish to escape predators?
A The tendency of fish to form compact groups
B The movement of other fish within the school
C The inability of predators to detect schools
D The ability of fish to hide behind one another in a school
E The great speed with which a school can disperse
第一题,问解释B说哪个因素会帮助鱼群摆脱捕食者,定位点很明确,是“解释B”底下的细节,定位到最后一段。能回答问题的一共有两点,第一点在“Sometimes”到34行“to select one”之间,说鱼数量多导致捕食者难以决定究竟吃谁;第二点在“The second explanation”到文章结尾,说鱼群中大量鱼的运动会使捕食者分心而难以捕食成功。所以这两点因素(数量多和鱼群运动)都能够正确回答这个问题。
A选项鱼群形成牢固的整体,文章中从未提及,属于无中生有的内容;
B选项说鱼群中鱼的运动,与原文中第二点相符;
C选项说捕食者侦测不到鱼群,是文章中解释A里面的内容,张冠李戴;
D选项说鱼躲在其他鱼的身后,又是文中没有提到的内容;
E选项说鱼群能高速分散,既是解释A里的关键词,由于A中原文事实相反,因此也不是正确选项
因此,正确答案为B
2. According to the passage, both theory A and theory B have been developed to explain how
A fish hide from predators by forming schools
B forming schools functions to protect fish from predators
C schooling among fish differs from other protective behaviors
D small fish are able to make rapid decisions
E small fish are able to survive in an environment densely populated by large predators
第二题,问解释A和B的共同目的。第二段是解释A,第四段是解释B,第三段是两者的区别,都不是定位点。只有第一段里有相关信息。第一段最后一句话说两者都认为鱼群对鱼的个体提供保护,躲避捕食。5个选项中只有B选项符合要求。
A选项说藏起来不让捕食者看见,只有解释A有相关内容,解释B没有;
B选项与原文之间就是原意改写的关系;
C选项说鱼的群居与其他保护措施不一样,文中未提及;
D选项说小鱼做决定快,亦属于无中生有的内容;
E选项小鱼容易在捕食者密集的地方存活,文章依然没有提到
因此,正确答案为B
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A The tendency of fish to form compact groups
B The movement of other fish within the school
C The inability of predators to detect schools
D The ability of fish to hide behind one another in a school
E The great speed with which a school can disperse
第一题,问解释B说哪个因素会帮助鱼群摆脱捕食者,定位点很明确,是“解释B”底下的细节,定位到最后一段。能回答问题的一共有两点,第一点在“Sometimes”到34行“to select one”之间,说鱼数量多导致捕食者难以决定究竟吃谁;第二点在“The second explanation”到文章结尾,说鱼群中大量鱼的运动会使捕食者分心而难以捕食成功。所以这两点因素(数量多和鱼群运动)都能够正确回答这个问题。
A选项鱼群形成牢固的整体,文章中从未提及,属于无中生有的内容;
B选项说鱼群中鱼的运动,与原文中第二点相符;
C选项说捕食者侦测不到鱼群,是文章中解释A里面的内容,张冠李戴;
D选项说鱼躲在其他鱼的身后,又是文中没有提到的内容;
E选项说鱼群能高速分散,既是解释A里的关键词,由于A中原文事实相反,因此也不是正确选项
因此,正确答案为B
2. According to the passage, both theory A and theory B have been developed to explain how
A fish hide from predators by forming schools
B forming schools functions to protect fish from predators
C schooling among fish differs from other protective behaviors
D small fish are able to make rapid decisions
E small fish are able to survive in an environment densely populated by large predators
第二题,问解释A和B的共同目的。第二段是解释A,第四段是解释B,第三段是两者的区别,都不是定位点。只有第一段里有相关信息。第一段最后一句话说两者都认为鱼群对鱼的个体提供保护,躲避捕食。5个选项中只有B选项符合要求。
A选项说藏起来不让捕食者看见,只有解释A有相关内容,解释B没有;
B选项与原文之间就是原意改写的关系;
C选项说鱼的群居与其他保护措施不一样,文中未提及;
D选项说小鱼做决定快,亦属于无中生有的内容;
E选项小鱼容易在捕食者密集的地方存活,文章依然没有提到
因此,正确答案为B
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10 回复:13版GMAT官方指南首发 专家第一时间解析
babywode2012-04-19 23:55:24 发表
3. According to one explanation of the “confusion effect”, a fish that swims in a school will have greater advantages for survival if it
A tends to be visible for no more than 200 meters
B stays near either the front or the rear of a school
C is part of a small school rather than a large school
D is very similar in appearance to the other fish in the school
E is medium-sized
第三题,问”confusion effect“,即解释B,中所述,下列那种情况下一条鱼有较高的存活率。定位点和第一题一样,最后一段的两个分点(同样鱼类的数量多和鱼群剧烈运动)。五个选项中,A选项是解释A的内容,B、C、E都是文章里没有提到的东西,只有D选项符合定位信息的要求。
因此,正确答案为D
4. The author is primarily concerned with
A discussing different theories
B analyzing different techniques
C defending two hypotheses
D defending two hypotheses
E revealing new evidence
第四题,问作者的写作目的。
A选项说讨论两个理论,与原文事实相符;
B选项说分析两种技术,文中没有任何技术;
C选项说为两种假说辩护,解释B没有受到任何攻击,更不需要辩护;
D选项说推翻既成观念,核心态度为负,即否定了所有解释,与文章事实不符;
E选项说提出新证据,文中不存在
因此,正确答案为A
第四页:综合推理样题说明
综合推理(Integrated Reasoning)样题说明
综合推理(Integrated Reasoning,以下简称IR)部分的考试时间为30分钟,由12道题组成。IR⼀一共有四种题型,分别分:Graphics Interpretation 图表解析,Two-Part Analysis 联立分析,Table Analysis 表格分析,Multi-Source Reasoning 多源推理。
Graphic Interpretation 图表解析
题型描述:题目给出⼀一个图表或者图形,考生根据该图通过下拉菜单选择最准确的答案。此题型旨在考查考生对不同图表形式的解读、整合、辨别以及推断能力。所用图表包括坐标式图表(条形图,线性图,散布式图,气泡式图),饼图,流程图,组织结构图等。
Two-Part Analysis 联立分析
题型描述:题目包含了文本和图表,考生在阅读完文本之后需要从图表中选择出每一栏相对应的正确答案。此题型考查了考生评估两者权衡、解决联立方程以及辨别两者关系的能力。
Table Analysis 表格分析
题型描述:每道表格分析题都包含⼀一个可分类的数据表格,考生可根据需要对表格进行重新排序,以此找出和问题相关的信息和数据,并解答问题。此题型考查考生发现数据、组织数据并由此得出结论有效解决问题的能力。
回复该发言
A tends to be visible for no more than 200 meters
B stays near either the front or the rear of a school
C is part of a small school rather than a large school
D is very similar in appearance to the other fish in the school
E is medium-sized
第三题,问”confusion effect“,即解释B,中所述,下列那种情况下一条鱼有较高的存活率。定位点和第一题一样,最后一段的两个分点(同样鱼类的数量多和鱼群剧烈运动)。五个选项中,A选项是解释A的内容,B、C、E都是文章里没有提到的东西,只有D选项符合定位信息的要求。
因此,正确答案为D
4. The author is primarily concerned with
A discussing different theories
B analyzing different techniques
C defending two hypotheses
D defending two hypotheses
E revealing new evidence
第四题,问作者的写作目的。
A选项说讨论两个理论,与原文事实相符;
B选项说分析两种技术,文中没有任何技术;
C选项说为两种假说辩护,解释B没有受到任何攻击,更不需要辩护;
D选项说推翻既成观念,核心态度为负,即否定了所有解释,与文章事实不符;
E选项说提出新证据,文中不存在
因此,正确答案为A
第四页:综合推理样题说明
综合推理(Integrated Reasoning)样题说明
综合推理(Integrated Reasoning,以下简称IR)部分的考试时间为30分钟,由12道题组成。IR⼀一共有四种题型,分别分:Graphics Interpretation 图表解析,Two-Part Analysis 联立分析,Table Analysis 表格分析,Multi-Source Reasoning 多源推理。
Graphic Interpretation 图表解析
题型描述:题目给出⼀一个图表或者图形,考生根据该图通过下拉菜单选择最准确的答案。此题型旨在考查考生对不同图表形式的解读、整合、辨别以及推断能力。所用图表包括坐标式图表(条形图,线性图,散布式图,气泡式图),饼图,流程图,组织结构图等。
Two-Part Analysis 联立分析
题型描述:题目包含了文本和图表,考生在阅读完文本之后需要从图表中选择出每一栏相对应的正确答案。此题型考查了考生评估两者权衡、解决联立方程以及辨别两者关系的能力。
Table Analysis 表格分析
题型描述:每道表格分析题都包含⼀一个可分类的数据表格,考生可根据需要对表格进行重新排序,以此找出和问题相关的信息和数据,并解答问题。此题型考查考生发现数据、组织数据并由此得出结论有效解决问题的能力。
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11 回复:13版GMAT官方指南首发 专家第一时间解析
babywode2012-04-19 23:55:24 发表
Multi-Source Reasoning 多源推理
题型描述:页面左方有两或三个选项卡,其中有不同种类或相同种类的各种信息。页面右方是关于这些信息的一个或多个问题。此题型考查考生从不同数据来源中获取最相关信息数据的能力、结合不同种类的数据解决问题的能力。
新版OG13版的最后一页有一个代码,用此代码可以在相应网站上获取新题型综合推理部分的50道样题。使用界面如下。
下面以第一题为例。该题是Muti-source Reasoning多源推理题。一共有6小题。
第一个选项卡中的文章大致内容:
某城市举办一个峰会,该峰会的赞助商可以通过两种手段来重获所花费的资金。一种是收取参会费,另⼀一种是与宾馆酒店合作,酒店给参会者提供住宿并收取较高的住宿费。
然而大部分参会者更愿意选择其他住宿方式,从而避免了较高的酒店住宿费。有的参会者选择其他酒店(称为ROHH方式),有的参会者选择酒店所提供区域之外的其他房间(ROB方式)。
面对参会者的这种选择,峰会赞助商相对应的采取了一些措施,例如提高参会费,然后对选择合作酒店的参会者提供一定的会费折扣。研究显示,如果折扣所减免的费用占了至少一半的选择其他住宿方式所省下的费用,那么参会者还是更愿意选择合作酒店所提供的住宿方式。
第二个选项卡是一张表格,表格中显示的内容是某个周末X城市所举行的10个峰会,并给出了每个峰会的赞助商、具体费用,包括注册费,住宿费,打折后费用,以及该酒店最低住宿费用。在文字部分还给出了这个X城市的最低住宿费用。
这道大题中的6个小题就是围绕这10个峰会的具体费用展开,我们以第⼀一小题为例。
题目1:对于以下三个赞助商,如果参会者使用ROB策略相比于接受峰会提供的住宿方式更加省钱,则选择YES,反之则选择NO。
赞助商CC:ROB费用: 720+70*2=860
峰会住宿费用:620+110*2=840
ROB不省钱,所以选NO。
赞助商FFNA:ROB费用:325+70*2=465
峰会住宿费用:275+140*2=555
ROB省钱,所以选YES。
赞助商HMHPA:ROB费用:600+79*2=758
峰会住宿费用:575+104*2=783
ROB省钱,所以选YES。
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题型描述:页面左方有两或三个选项卡,其中有不同种类或相同种类的各种信息。页面右方是关于这些信息的一个或多个问题。此题型考查考生从不同数据来源中获取最相关信息数据的能力、结合不同种类的数据解决问题的能力。
新版OG13版的最后一页有一个代码,用此代码可以在相应网站上获取新题型综合推理部分的50道样题。使用界面如下。
下面以第一题为例。该题是Muti-source Reasoning多源推理题。一共有6小题。
第一个选项卡中的文章大致内容:
某城市举办一个峰会,该峰会的赞助商可以通过两种手段来重获所花费的资金。一种是收取参会费,另⼀一种是与宾馆酒店合作,酒店给参会者提供住宿并收取较高的住宿费。
然而大部分参会者更愿意选择其他住宿方式,从而避免了较高的酒店住宿费。有的参会者选择其他酒店(称为ROHH方式),有的参会者选择酒店所提供区域之外的其他房间(ROB方式)。
面对参会者的这种选择,峰会赞助商相对应的采取了一些措施,例如提高参会费,然后对选择合作酒店的参会者提供一定的会费折扣。研究显示,如果折扣所减免的费用占了至少一半的选择其他住宿方式所省下的费用,那么参会者还是更愿意选择合作酒店所提供的住宿方式。
第二个选项卡是一张表格,表格中显示的内容是某个周末X城市所举行的10个峰会,并给出了每个峰会的赞助商、具体费用,包括注册费,住宿费,打折后费用,以及该酒店最低住宿费用。在文字部分还给出了这个X城市的最低住宿费用。
这道大题中的6个小题就是围绕这10个峰会的具体费用展开,我们以第⼀一小题为例。
题目1:对于以下三个赞助商,如果参会者使用ROB策略相比于接受峰会提供的住宿方式更加省钱,则选择YES,反之则选择NO。
赞助商CC:ROB费用: 720+70*2=860
峰会住宿费用:620+110*2=840
ROB不省钱,所以选NO。
赞助商FFNA:ROB费用:325+70*2=465
峰会住宿费用:275+140*2=555
ROB省钱,所以选YES。
赞助商HMHPA:ROB费用:600+79*2=758
峰会住宿费用:575+104*2=783
ROB省钱,所以选YES。
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